You can follow the last entry i added to the very bottom.
it should help with most of the topic icons.
i will put how to use CSS at the bottom later.
but the category/forum icons you might need a custom way to list the forums , im going to need more time on that.
your CSS is wrong too .
you can use these as examples
.bbpress a.forum-title:before {
font: normal 16px/1 'Fontawesome';
content: '\f07c';
margin-right: 5px;
float: left;
padding-top: 3px;
color: #222;
}
.bbpress a.forum-link:before {
font: normal 16px/1 'Fontawesome';
content: '\f016';
margin-right: 5px;
float: left;
padding-top: 3px;
color: #222;
}